| Introduction | | | | 2. SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) is the key |
| World Wide Web (WWW) is the system of interlinked | | | | piece in Web 2.0. Buzzwords around SOA are Feeds, |
| hypertext documents containing text, images, audio, | | | | RSS, web services and mash up, which defines how |
| videos, animation and more. User can view and | | | | Web 2.0 application exposes functionality so that other |
| navigate through these documents using hyperlinks or | | | | applications can leverage and integrate those |
| navigation elements which have references to another | | | | functionalities providing much richer set of applications. |
| document or to the section of the same document. In | | | | 3. Web 2.0 is the Social web. Web 2.0 Application |
| a broader sense "The World Wide Web is the | | | | tends to interact much more with the end user. End |
| universe of network-accessible information, an | | | | users are not only the users of the application but also |
| embodiment of human knowledge." | | | | the participants whether by tagging the content, |
| History of World Wide Web | | | | whether he is contributing to the wiki or doing podcast |
| WWW was first proposed in 1990 by Tim | | | | for blogging. Due to the Social nature of application end |
| Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau while working at the | | | | user is the interval part of the data for the application, |
| CERN, the European Council for Nuclear Research. | | | | proving feedbacks and allowing application to leverage |
| Both of them came out with their individual proposal for | | | | that user going to use it. |
| Hypertext systems and later on they united and | | | | 4. In Web 2.0 philosophy and strategy is that "The |
| offered joint proposal. The term "Word Wide Web" | | | | Web is open". Content is available to be moved and |
| was first introduced in that joint proposal. The history | | | | changed by any user. Web site content is not |
| of every invention has lot of pre-history. Similarly the | | | | controlled by the people who made the web site but |
| World Wide Web has also lot of pre-historical gradual | | | | by the user who are using the web site. |
| development of hypertext system and internet | | | | 5. In Web 2.0 Data is the driving force. Users are |
| protocols which made the WWW possible. The | | | | spending much more time online and started |
| gradual development started in the early 1945, with the | | | | generating content in their passive time. Web 2.0 |
| development of Memex, a device based on microfilms | | | | requires some of the key technologies to be used in |
| for storing huge amount of documents and facilitating | | | | the development of web pages. One of the important |
| organizing those documents. Later in 1968 "Hypertext" | | | | technologies is the AJAX which supports development |
| was introduced, which made linking and organization of | | | | of rich user experience. |
| documents fairly easy. In 1972 DARPA (Defense | | | | 6. Web 2.0 websites typically include some of the |
| Advance Research Project Agency), started project | | | | following key technologies. |
| that connect all research centers to facilitate data | | | | - RSS (Really Simple Syndication), which allows users |
| exchange which later adopted for military information | | | | to syndicate, aggregate and to set up the notification |
| exchange. In 1979 SGML (Standard Generalized | | | | of the data using feeds. |
| Markup Language) was invented to enable sharing of | | | | - Mashups, which makes it possible to merge the |
| documents for large government project by | | | | content from different sources, allowing new form of |
| separating content from the presentation and thereby | | | | reusing of the information via public interface or APIs. |
| enabling same document to be rendered in different | | | | - Wikis and Forums to support user generated content. |
| ways. In 1989 Tim Berners-lee came out with | | | | - Tagging, which allows users to specify and attach |
| Networked Hypertext system form CERN Laboratory. | | | | human readable keyword to web resource. |
| In 1990, joint proposal for hyper text system was | | | | - AJAX - Asynchronous Java Script and XML, which |
| presented and the term "World Wide Web" first | | | | is the web development technique, allowing exchange |
| introduced. In 1992 first portable browser was released | | | | of interactive data behind the scene without reloading |
| by CERN, and that had picked up industry interest in | | | | the web page. |
| internet development. Today web is so much | | | | To clearly understand above characteristics of web |
| popularized and has grown to be so invaded in to our | | | | 2.0, Yihong Ding in his article on "Evolution of World |
| lives; it becomes almost impossible to imagine the | | | | Wide Web" has analogically correlated World of Web |
| World without web. | | | | 2.0 with the world of a Pre-School Kid. |
| Web Evolution - What and How? | | | | Pre-School Kid : I have parents |
| Each technology has certain distinguished | | | | Web-2.0 Page : Webmasters (blog owners) |
| characteristics and features. Similarly web has certain | | | | Pre-School Kid : Parents teach me knowledge (though |
| features such as data, services, mess-up, APIs, social | | | | often not well organized) |
| platform and more. These features are continuously | | | | Web-2.0 Page : Tagging |
| and progressively evolving in distinct stages with | | | | Pre-School Kid : I understand but maybe imprecise and |
| qualitative improvements over the existing. Web | | | | incorrect |
| evolution is categorized and hyped with some fancy | | | | Web-2.0 Page : Folksonomy |
| marketing terms like "Web 1.0", "Web 2.0", "Social | | | | Pre-School Kid : I can deliver and distribute messages, |
| Web", "Web 3.0", "Pragmatic Semantic Web", | | | | especially for my parents |
| "Pragmatic Web" and many more. | | | | Web-2.0 Page : Blogging technology |
| Yihong Ding, PHD candidate at Brigham Young | | | | Pre-School Kid : Who my friends are is primarily |
| University, in his article on "Evolution of Web" explained | | | | determined by my parents' social activities and their |
| the development of Web by analogically comparing it | | | | teaching |
| with the human growth. Yihong Ding stated "The | | | | Web-2.0 Page : Social network |
| relationship between web pages and their | | | | Pre-School Kid : Multiple of us can be coordinated to |
| webmasters is similar to the relationship between | | | | do something beyond individual's capabilities |
| children and their parents. As well as parents raise their | | | | Web-2.0 Page : Web widget, mashup |
| children, webmasters maintain and update their web | | | | Pre-School Kid : I can do suggestion based on my |
| pages. Human children have their normal stages of | | | | communication with friends |
| development, such as the newborn stage, pre-school | | | | Web-2.0 Page : Collective intelligence |
| stage, elementary-school stage, teenage stage, and so | | | | Following table distinguish the difference between Web |
| on. Analogically, web has its generations, such as Web | | | | 1.0 and Web 2.0 |
| 1.0, Web 2.0, and so on." | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Reading |
| Along with technological advancement web design | | | | Web 2.0 is about : Reading /Writing |
| also changed over the period of time. Initial design was | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Publishing |
| simple hypertext read only system which allowed | | | | Web 2.0 is about : Feedbacks, Reviews, |
| users to read the information. User was just a viewer | | | | Personalization |
| of what is presented on the web. Gradually images | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Linking Content using Hyperlinks |
| and tables added with evolution of HTML and web | | | | Web 2.0 is about : mashup |
| browsers, which allowed making better design. | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Companies |
| Development of photo-editing tools, web authoring | | | | Web 2.0 is about : CommunityCommunity |
| tools and content management tools enabled designer | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Client-Server |
| to begin creating visually appealing website design | | | | Web 2.0 is about : Peer to Peer |
| layouts. In the next phase of development, web design | | | | Web 1.0 is about : HTML |
| changed with the change in usability and the focus is | | | | Web 2.0 is about : XML |
| diverted on the users rather than the content of the | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Home Pages |
| website. User interaction and social touch is applied to | | | | Web 2.0 is about : Blogs and Wikis |
| the web design. Now user is not just a viewer. User | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Portals |
| can drive the web with feedback, information sharing, | | | | Web 2.0 is about : RSS |
| rating and personalization. Gradually we got the mature | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Taxonomy |
| blend of function, form, content and interaction, called | | | | Web 2.0 is about : Tags |
| Read/Write Web. Continuing this evolution, meaning is | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Owning |
| added to the information presented on the web so | | | | Web 2.0 is about : Sharing |
| that online virtual representatives of human can able to | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Web form |
| read and interprets the presented information. This kind | | | | Web 2.0 is about : Web Application |
| of web where user agent imitating human behavior, | | | | Web 1.0 is about : Hardware Cost |
| can read and understand the information using artificial | | | | Web 2.0 is about : Bandwidth Cost |
| intelligence is called semantic web. | | | | Web 3. 0 (Semantic Web) |
| Web 1. 0 (Read Only Web) | | | | Web is no longer linking and tagging of information and |
| World Wide Web is evolved in stages. First stage was | | | | resources. With the advent of semantic web concept, |
| the basic "Read Only" hypertext system also termed | | | | special information is attached to the resources or |
| as Web 1.0 since the hype of Web 2.0. In fact in the | | | | information so that machine can understand and read |
| original proposed web model, Tim Berners-Lee | | | | just like human. |
| envisioned web as the Read/Write Model with HTTP | | | | Timer Berner Lee envisioned |
| PUT and HTTP DELETE method. These methods | | | | "I have a dream for the Web [in which computers] |
| were almost never used just because of security | | | | become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web |
| reasons. | | | | - the content, links, and transactions between people |
| Some of the Characteristics of Web 1.0 | | | | and computers. A 'Semantic Web', which should make |
| 1. In Web 1.0 web master is constantly engaged with | | | | this possible, has yet to emerge, but when it does, the |
| responsibility of managing the content and keeps user | | | | day-to-day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our |
| updating. Majority of hyperlinks to the contents are | | | | daily lives will be handled by machines talking to |
| manually assigned by the web master. | | | | machines. The 'intelligent agents' people have touted |
| 2. Web 1.0 does not support mass-publishing. The | | | | for ages will finally materialize." |
| content on the website is published by the web | | | | Semantic Web has derived from his vision of web as |
| master and thereby does not leverage the collective | | | | the universal medium for exchange of data, |
| intelligence of users. | | | | information and knowledge. Web 3.0 or Semantic Web |
| 3. Web 1.0 uses basic hyper text mark up language for | | | | is an Executable Phase of Web Development where |
| publishing content on the internet. | | | | dynamic applications provides interactive services and |
| 4. Web 1.0 pages do not support machine readable | | | | facilitates machine to machine interaction. Tim Berner |
| content. Only human who are web readers can | | | | Lee has further stated |
| understand the content. | | | | "People keep asking what Web 3.0 is. I think maybe |
| 5. Web 1.0 provides contact information (email, phone | | | | when you've got an overlay of scalable vector |
| number, fax or address) for communication. Users | | | | graphics - everything rippling and folding and looking |
| have to use the off-line world for further | | | | misty - on Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web |
| communication with this contact information. | | | | integrated across a huge space of data, you'll have |
| 6. In Web 1.0, web pages are designed to react | | | | access to an unbelievable data resource." Semantic |
| instinctively based on the programmed condition. | | | | web is the an extension of World Wide Web in which |
| Specific result or response is generated when the | | | | web content is expressed in machine readable |
| programmed condition is satisfied. Web 1.0 model does | | | | language, not just in nature language, so that user |
| not understand remote request and can not prepare | | | | agents can read, process and understand the content |
| response for potential request in advance. To clearly | | | | using artificial intelligence imitating human behavior. In |
| understand above characteristics of web 1.0, Yihong | | | | other words Semantic Web is an extension of the |
| Ding in his article on "Evolution of World Wide Web" | | | | web where content expressed can be processed |
| has analogically correlated World of Web 1.0 with the | | | | independently by intelligent software agents. |
| world of a Newborn baby. | | | | There can be several agents one can program within |
| Newborn Baby : I have parents | | | | the context of vocabulary of the vertical domain. |
| Web-1.0 Page : Webmasters | | | | For example |
| Newborn Baby : Watch me, but I won't explain | | | | "Travel Agent", who keep searching chipset air tickets |
| Web-1.0 Page : Humans understand, machines don't | | | | based on your criteria and notify you when it gets the |
| Newborn Baby : Talk to my parents if you want to | | | | perfect one. |
| discuss about me | | | | "Personal Shopper Agent", who keeps looking for the |
| Web-1.0 Page : Contact information (email, phone | | | | specific product on the eBay and get it for you once it |
| number, fax, address, ...) | | | | finds the one that match with all of your criterions. |
| Newborn Baby : My parents decide who my friends | | | | Similarly we can have "Real Estate Agent", "Personal |
| are. Actually, I don't care | | | | Financial Advisor Agent" and many more. |
| Web-1.0 Page : Manually specified web links | | | | All user is doing is just creating their personal agent |
| Newborn Baby : Hug me, I smile; hit me, I cry | | | | which talks with the web services which are exposed |
| (conditional reflex) | | | | publicly and there by taking care of lots of repetitive |
| Web-1.0 Page : Reactive functions on web pages | | | | tasks. |
| Source: Analogy from the Article by Yihong Ding from | | | | Precisely Web 3.0 = Every human + Every device + |
| "The web 1.0 pages are only babies. | | | | Every Information |
| Web 2. 0 (Read Write Web) | | | | Characteristics of Semantic Web |
| "Web 2.0 is the understanding that the network is the | | | | 1. Unlike database driven websites, In Semantic Web |
| platform and on the network is platform roles for the | | | | database is not centralized. |
| business is different. And the cardinal role is user adds | | | | 2. Semantic Web is the Open System where schema |
| value. And figuring out how to built database and things | | | | is not fixed as it may take any arbitrary source of |
| to get better so that more people use that and it's the | | | | data. |
| secret of web 2.0. | | | | 3. Semantic Web requires using Meta description |
| Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer | | | | languages such as Web Ontology Language and the |
| industry caused by the move to the internet as | | | | Resource Description Framework (RDF). Annotation |
| platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for | | | | requires lot of time and effort. |
| success on that new platform."[4] | | | | Web n.0 - a Glimpse of the Future |
| In Web 2.0 the idea of Consumer (Users) and | | | | Let me add one more element to the previous formula |
| Producer (Web Master) is dissolving. Web 2.o is more | | | | Web 3.0 = Every human + Every device + Every |
| about communications and user interactions. Web 2.0 | | | | Information = Everything in the context of current |
| is all about participation. "Content is the King" often | | | | technology advancement. |
| cited quote during early web 1.0 days, is now turned in | | | | Web 3.0 is still evolving and it is going to encompass |
| to "User is the King" in Web 2.0. In web 2.0 users | | | | everything. One can not envision anything beyond web |
| communicates through blogging, wikis and social | | | | 3.0 in the current technology advancement. |
| networking websites. Everything on the web is tagged, | | | | Breaking all current technological capabilities Raymond |
| to facilitate easy and quick navigation. Web 2.0 is also | | | | Kurzweil, the inventor of OCR (Optical Character |
| about combining it all in one single page by means of | | | | Reader) envisioned Web 4.0 as the Web OS with |
| tagging and AJAX with better usability via lots of white | | | | intelligent user agents acting parallel to human brain. |
| space, and a cleaner layout. The API ability makes it | | | | Following figure illustrate the evolution of Web along |
| possible for programmers to mash up data feeds and | | | | with technology advancement and the semantics of |
| databases to cross reference information from | | | | social connections. Source: Nova Spivack and Radar |
| multiple sources in one page. In contrast with web 1.0, | | | | Networks |
| web 2.0 has collective intelligence of millions of users. | | | | Conclusion |
| Web 2.0 is all about improved version of World Wide | | | | The evolution of web has gone through phases as |
| Web with changing role and evolving business model | | | | mentioned in this article and that has introduced |
| where users learned to communicate with the other | | | | numerous technologies and concepts in various areas; |
| users instead of just communicating with the publisher | | | | software, communication, hardware, marketing, |
| of the content. | | | | advertising, content sharing, publicity, finance and many |
| Some of the Characteristics of Web 2.0 | | | | more. |
| 1. Web 2.0 is the second version of Web providing RIA | | | | In a way the World Wide Web has changed the way |
| (Rich Internet Application) by bringing in the desktop | | | | people were used to look at things earlier. I believe this |
| experience such as "Drag and Drop" on the webpage | | | | evolution is never ending and moving towards |
| in browser. | | | | excellence. |