The Environment and You - Understanding Air Pollutants

In the last decade, there has been a marked increasefrom exhaust fumes from vehicles and factories. It is
in the number of reported allergies, asthma attacksalso produced as a byproduct when volatile organic
and headaches as compared to previous years.compounds combine with nitrogen oxides and are
Although there are many possible reasons for theseexposed to sunlight. Few people realize it but ozone is
conditions, most of them can be traced back to onlyactually the main component of the well-known air
one thing - the worsening quality of air that wepollutant that we know as smog.
breathe. Air pollutants have always been around butGlobal warming also plays a significant role in the
recently, their concentration in the atmosphere hasgrowing problem of ground-level ozone. This
risen to dangerously high levels, resulting in many kindscompound forms faster in hot weather and with the
of negative consequences, like people getting sick andfrequent heat waves brought about by global warming,
properties being damaged.more and more ground-level ozone is being emitted
In an attempt to protect themselves from air pollutants,into the atmosphere.
many people try to spend more of their time indoorsParticulate matter is another kind of widespread air
than risk going out and inhaling all the dust and smog inpollutant. These are combinations of minute particles
the city. What they don't know is that there are also airlike dust, soil, organic chemicals and acid droplets. You
pollutants inside the house, sometimes even more thanwould think that the smaller the particles get, the
there is outside. Seemingly harmless householdsmaller the damage they can inflict. Quite the contrary,
activities like cooking, doing the laundry, using the airthe tiniest particles are those that can make their way
conditioner and blow-drying your hair can all contributethrough your body's respiratory filters and into the lungs
to the release of indoor air pollutants that areand heart, thus causing a more serious effect on the
potentially very harmful to the body. Ironically, in theirhealth.
efforts to minimize the damage to their health, peopleFinally, carbon monoxide is relatively the least prevalent
are actually exposing themselves to greater threats.among the three types of air pollutants but by no
According to the Environmental Protection Agency ormeans is it any less dangerous to people's health.
EPA, there are three basic categories of air pollutantsMore than 75% of the total carbon monoxide in the
- ground level ozone, particulate matter and carbonurban atmosphere today comes from motor vehicle
monoxide. Environmental studies show that the firstemissions while most of the remainder comes from
two categories are the most rampant in ourindustrial wastes.
atmosphere today, hence posing the greatest threats.Majority of the sources of air pollutants are things that
Many of us know that the ozone layer is veryare already parts of our society, which is why it will be
important to the earth because it protects us from thevery difficult to solve this problem. But if each of us
sun's ultraviolet rays. So how can ground-level ozonemakes even a tiny contribution, it is still possible to
be bad? Simple, because ozone is only good when it ismake our atmosphere as clean and healthy as it was
way up there in the stratosphere but not when it is indecades ago.
the air that we breathe. Ground-level ozone comes