The Civil War Swamp Angel of Charleston Harbor

Fort Sumter fell to the Confederates on April 13, 1861.of Confederate posts on Morris Island and Fort
By the summer of 1863, Fort Sumter had beenSumter, or else shelling of Charleston would start. The
bombarded by Federal artillery for two years, but it stillYankees had sighted the Swamp Angel in on the
stood and guarded Charleston, South Carolina. At thesteeple of St. Michael's Church.
entrance to Charleston Harbor is Morris Island, andBeauregard gave no reply to Gillmore's demands. At
Union General Quincy A. Gillmore and his troops were1:30 in the morning on August 22, the Swamp Angel
stationed there. Gillmore wanted to construct a batterybegan to roar with its first shot at Charleston. Following
on Morris Island so he could bombard Charlestonthe first shot, bells, whistles, and alarms from
directly, and force the city's surrender, thus bypassingCharleston could be heard on Morris Island. Before
troublesome Fort Sumter and other forts in the harbor.daylight came, fifteen more shots rained down on
A big gun with the range to reach Charleston wouldCharleston from the big gun, 12 of the shots filled with
allow General Gillmore to get to the meat of theGreek Fire.
matter, which was to force the Rebel stronghold ofCharleston was receiving the wrath of the Union in the
Charleston to surrender. The Swamp Angel is exactlyform of horrible huge shells filled with fire, shot from a
what Gillmore needed.huge monster of a cannon 7,900 yards away. On
This gun was huge. It was made at New York's WestAugust 23, the Swamp Angel belched out 20 more
Point Foundry and it weighed 16,700 pounds. With anshells into Charleston. It looked like the Confederacy
8-inch bore, its barrel had an 11-foot bore depth. Evenwould lose Charleston to surrender as the terrible gun
the construction of the battery and parapet neededrained its hellish shells full of fire down on the city.
for the big gun was impressive. Merely getting this gunBut when the Swamp Angel fired its 36th shell on
into place on the swampy, mushy, ground of MorrisAugust 23rd, it did something cast-iron Parrott guns
Island (with mud sometimes twenty-feet deep) inwere known for, despite their distinctive wrought iron
Charleston Harbor was a challenging engineering job.reinforcing bands placed around their breeches. On the
Construction began on August 2, 1863 and included:36th shot the Swamp Angel's breech blew out and
- 13,000 sandbags weighing greater than 800 tons totalthe gun's barrel flew on top of the sandbag parapet.
- 123 pine timbers, 45-55 feet in length and 15-18 inchesAlthough it had suffered some damage and a few
in diameterfires were set by the Swamp Angel, Charleston was
- 5,000 feet of 1-inch thick boardnow safe. The great big gun was dead. No further
- 9,500 feet of 3-inch thick plankinghuge guns like the Swamp Angel were placed on the
- The spikes, nails, and iron required to hold it allUnion's Morris Island battery.
together weighed 1,200 poundsThe Swamp Angel's military career was over, the fate
- 75 fathoms (450 feet) of rope, 3 inches thickof the great gun was for it to be sold as scrap iron.
All this would allow the Swamp Angel to use aHowever, instead of being used as scrap iron and
17-pound powder charge to fire a 200-pound projectilephysically lost to history, the citizens of Trenton, New
7,900 yards into the heart of Charleston. To top it allJersey bought the Swamp Angel and made it into a
off, the projectiles could be filled with "Greek Fire" anmonument.
incendiary fluid, that would set Charleston ablaze. OnIf you visit Trenton today, you will find the Swamp
August 17, it arrived at Morris Island. An awesomeAngel at Perry and Clinton streets. Even if it could still
weapon of war was about to go to work.fire, and despite its might, the Civil War Swamp Angel
Gillmore sent a message on August 21, tocould not reach Charleston from Trenton. People of
Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard, theCharleston, you may rest easy because the Swamp
commander at Charleston, demanding the evacuationAngel is no longer a threat to you.